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11 Or these doctors may be the four supreme pontiffs who primarily issued declarations on his Rule, that is, Gregory IX,a Innocent IV,b Nicholas III,c and Clement V.d Or were you to select from among the Brothers, you have four teachers who expounded very authentically on the Rule: in particular, Alexander of Hales and the others who expounded on it because of the decree of the minister.e And the fourth is Bonaventure who wrote that declaration Innominato magistro.f
12 The blessed father Francis was also conformed to Christ in naming subjects and prelates. For Christ sometimes called the apostles "brothers," as we read in the last chapter of Matthew: Go, announce to my brothers; and, at another time, called them "the least:" As long as you did it to one of the least of mine . . ." In the same way, Francis, joining the two, called those practitioners of his Rule "lesser brothers."
Because Christ also said Whoever is the greater among you, let him be your minister and whoever wanted to be first is to be the servant of all, [Francis] wanted the general to be called, and to be, "the minister and servant of all the brothers," and the others, who were practitioners, should also be called "ministers."g
As Christ even changed the names of his disciples, so too did [Francis] change the names of some of his disciples. He called Brother Leo "Pecorella [The Little Lamb]," another one "Mansueto [The Meek One]," another brother "John the Simple," another brother "Angelo," and another "Pacifico."h
13 A certain holy woman asked the Lord to reveal to her to what extent He accepted the Order of Saint Francis. The Lord replied that, in that Order, there were men who were more pleasing to God than all those on earth, and there were others who were more displeasing to Him than all others.i
- Gregory IX, Quo elongati, FA:ED I 570-5.
- Innocent IV Ordinem vestrum, FA:ED II 774-9.
- Nicholas III, Exiit qui seminat, infra 737-64.
- Clement V, Exiit de paradiso, infra 767-83.
- A reference to the Exposition of the Four Masters, cf. FA:ED II 15, 23.
- Bonaventure, "A Letter in Response to An Unknown Master," in Works of Saint Bonaventure: Writings Concerning The Franciscan Order, introduction and translation by Dominic Monti (St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994), 39-56.
- The Assisi manuscript has a textual variant in this phrase. Instead of qui erant professores [who were practitioners], it reads qui erant precessores [who were predecessors].
- At this point the Paris manuscript adds the following three paragraphs.
- The first comment was later quoted by Bartholomew of Pisa in his Book of Conformities , cf. AF IV 563.